Strengthening the follow-up measures of relocation and enhancing relocated poor migrants’ sustainable poverty alleviation capabilities are major issues that must be addressed in the crucial stage of poverty alleviation.Based on the capability poverty perspective,this paper analyzes the structure of relocated poor migrants’ sustainable poverty alleviation capabilities,explores the formation mechanism of these capabilities,analyses the problems in capabilities building,and then presents fundamental paths that promote capabilities building.The study finds that sustainable poverty alleviation capabilities mainly consist of social capital,human capital and financial capital,and the formation mechanism of these capabilities lies in clear positioning,explicit division of work and the joint force of the main bodies.Currently,the capability building is confronted with such problems as insufficient abilities of self-survival and development,restriction of urban and rural dual poverty management system,and insufficient participation of social organizations in poverty alleviation.Collaborative governance is the basic path to improve the construction of sustainable poverty alleviation capabilities.Objectively,it’s necessary to actively improve the survival and development abilities for poor migrants,and to strengthen the system and policy assistance on part of government departments.Besides,private enterprises should actively fulfill their responsibilities of helping poor migrants,and social organizations should be more devoted in poverty alleviation.