Trade market power is an important index to measure the market pricing power in international trade.Based on the analysis on the evolution trend of market structure of world wheat trade from 1994 to 2016 and employment of an extended residual demand elasticity (RDE) model,this paper estimates and compares the seller trade market power of six major wheat exporting countries,namely USA,Canada,France,Australia,Argentina and Russia,in eight major wheat importing countries,namely Italy,Egypt,Indonesia,Brazil,Japan,Spain,Algeria and China.It’s found that:(1) The concentration of world wheat export market in recent years is still at a high level and the market pattern that a small number of exporting countries occupy the majority of export share maintains.(2) The concentration level of world wheat import market has decreased significantly,and the import share of importing countries has further dispersed.The wheat export in all the six wheat exporting countries has significant seller trade market power.Influenced by exchange rate,producer price and government policies,there are distinct differences in country distribution of the seller trade market power of the six major wheat exporting countries,which only exist in certain major wheat importing countries.In China’s wheat import market,Australia outweighs USA and Canada in terms of the seller trade market power.