Based on the panel data covering 31 provinces in Mainland China (1997-2015),this paper stratifies the consumption levels and types of income account and then measures the income uncertainty and the consumption uncertainty by employing the adjusted deviation rate.It establishes the spatial panel model to compare the different impacts of income uncertainty and consumption uncertainty on rural residents’ consumption,identify the main fluctuating factors in the two uncertainties,and analyze the phenomenon of spatial spillover effects in rural residents’ consumption.It is found that income uncertainty is negative to rural residents’ consumption,while the influence of consumption uncertainty is positive and its absolute coefficient is much more than income uncertainty’s; the fluctuation of operating revenue in commonly-used account plays greater role in subsistence and enjoy spending,and the income uncertainty from transfer income in temporary account plays greater role in developing consumption.In addition,there are spatial spillover effects in rural residents’ consumption,and the spatial spillover effects of enjoy and developing consumption are stronger than subsistence consumption.Finally,spatial spillover effects of income and consumption uncertainty are negative to rural residents’ consumption,while income uncertainty has the positive influence.