Based on the theory of social mutual construction and the method of cross-comparison analysis,this paper discusses the interaction between government and social organization in rural poverty governance. The result shows that in the local practice of rural poverty governance,the interaction between grassroots government and social organization is not a static pattern,but because of different interactive situations,it shows the dynamic and practical characteristics of pluralism. This interaction is presented as a low institutionalized,strong strategic “cooperative game” entity relationship. Grassroots government and social organization seek the cooperation of poverty governance in the dynamic game. The degree of consistency of goals and interests is a key variable that affects the outcome of the final game. Under the background of strong administrative system and low level of social subjectivity,social organizations are embedded into the rural development field by means of “cooperative game” mode,which not only played the practical function of poverty governance,but also gained the development space of the organization. However,due to the dominant position of the state,the process of cooperative game is essential to echo government preferences as the core characteristics,which may reinforce the logic of instrumentalism in poverty governance,and the pursuit of long-term social values still has a long way to go.