Based on Alkire-Foster’s analytical framework on multidimensional poverty measurement and the welfare loss of multiple deprivation,this paper uses data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2010,2012 and 2014 to study the identification,tracking and decomposition in rural China. The result shows that during the observed period,the situation of multidimensional poverty in rural areas has improved from the following 6 dimensions of health,education,living standard,sanitation,food security and income. Compared with the income perspective,the information of multiple dimension can be useful for the identification and tracking of the poor households effectively. The decomposition of the multidimensional poverty index shows that the changes in some non-income dimensions such as education,living conditions and health have huge impact on the changes of the multidimensional poverty index. The policy implications of the study are as follows:the identification of poverty should be made by the deprived welfare of the multidimensional perspective in order to “identify the real poverty” and “help the real poverty” as much as possible; the improvement of poverty should focus on improving the welfare level and ability in escaping from poverty of the poor households. Finally,it is essential to pay more attention to the impact of some specific nonincome dimensions on escaping from poverty of the poor households and increase poverty status of farmers.