From the level of macro environment,this paper constructs a theoretical model based on the exogenous perspective of the evolution of agricultural products circulation,and does an empirical study on the evolution law and external environment factors of China’s agricultural products circulation channel by using the data between 1981 and 2014.The result shows that the evolution of China’s agricultural products circulation channel has an obvious stage characteristics,which manifests as the “inverted U” evolution trend. The length of the channel first became longer and then shorter. Resident’s food consumption,consumer extension,transport infrastructure,market-oriented policy of agricultural products circulation had significant negative effects on the length of agricultural products circulation channels. However,the aging degree of residents had significant positive effects. Because of the differences of environment variables which affect agricultural products circulation channel,China’s agricultural products circulation channel will show fluctuation characteristics in the future.