Ulrich Beck’s concept of “unawareness” provides a new theoretical perspective to analyze the causes of the transgenic technology risk.He summed up the five types of “unawareness”:accepting and disseminating the risk knowledge selectively,the uncertainty of knowledge,misunderstanding and error,inability to know,unwillingness to know.Five types of “unawareness” can be divided into two parts concretely.One is caused by top-down political practice,the other is caused by the limitations of cognition.Therefore,in order to avoid transgenic technology risk,effective measures must be taken,including “face it”,“sub-politics” and “trans-boundary governance”.