Based on the field survey in Hua village of China’s central areas,this paper studies the targeted poverty alleviation and finds that lack of public authority is the important cause leading to practical difficulties.After the reform of taxes and fees,absorbing governance pattern causes the village governance body in the embarrassed conditon with no system support and loosing relationship with the villagers,which is unable to establish the public authority.At the same time,the village governance body has to undertake the negative consequence of policy change and the “triangular pressure” brought by the document card system to the main body of the village.Besides,the shortterm replacement of the village governance body by the dispatching cadres and the practically identity results in the thorough collapse,which leads to fighting for poverty,petition and villagers’ rage.As a result,the rural grassroots governance gets into the trouble.So this paper proposes that it is necessary to put more focus on the public authority of the rural grassroots governance in modern system construction,which can realize the effective connection between the state and society.This is not only the best way of realizing targeted poverty alleviation,but also the effective path to achieving the rural grassroots governance in good operation.