Based on data from 830 effective questionnaires in Wuling mountain areas,this paper uses ordered probit model to analyze the influnece of farmer’s ecological compensation participation on their incomes.The result shows that there is a negative relationship between farmers’ ecological compensation participation and their income level no matter what indicators are used to measure their incomes.Other factors,such as educational level of rural household head,land size and fertility,whether or not family members become poor because of sickness,share of agricultural income,distance to the nearest road also have significant effect on rural household income.Therefore,some suggestions are put forward which include strengthening the construction of infrastructure in Wuling mountain areas,perfecting the medical security system and improving the ecological compensation standard.