This paper analyzes the main sources of the old people’s life in China by taking advantage of China’s 2010 population census data,and on this basis,makes a comparative study of the old people’s main source of life in 2005.It has found that the main income sources of old people in China are still highly focused on family support,old-age pension and labor income in 2010.But the main sources of income share present obvious differences between urban and rural areas,which reflects in the overall income as well as in sex,age and region etc.Compared with 2005,the old people’s self support ability has improved in 2010 and the degree of dependence on family support has weakened,but the gaps of old people’s main economic sources in perspectives of urban and rural areas,sex and region show a growing tendency.It finally concludes that to promote the sustainability and justice of social insurance system,the development of social aids and welfare should follow the principle of giving priority to the weak,especially the old females and the elderly people.The government and society should actively advocate and encourage the family pension manner.