Abstract:The essentials of Marx and Engels’s worker-peasant alliance thought include the following aspects:the proletarian revolution needs the support of peasantry; at the same time,the liberation of peasants requires the leadership of the proletariat.The basis of the establishment of the worker-peasant alliance is the common requirement and the necessary condition for the establishment of the worker-peasant alliance is the proletariat representing the benefit of the peasantry.While sticking to the basic views of Marx and Engels’s worker-peasant alliance thought in terms of the establishment goals,basis and conditions,Mao Zedong redefined the role of the peasantry in the revolution in accordance with the reality of China as the main force of Chinese revolution,made further analysis on the revolution of different stratums of the peasantry to represent and realize the benefit of the peasantry in the course of revolution,and finally developed the worker-peasant alliance thought with Chinese characteristics,which is the first successful practice of the worker-peasant alliance thought of Marx and Engels in the revolution led by the proletariat.