Based on the field survey at four typical rural private pension institutions in Zhuhai City of Guangdong Province and Hanchuan City of Hubei Province,this article found these institutions were haunted by problems below,namely the fuzzy legal positioning,the lack of effective evaluation mechanism,the separation of ownership and management rights,the imbalance between rights and obligations,and the lack of problem-solving mechanism for dispute.Based on the analysis of the concept of rural private pension institutions,and the use of in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey for civil administration officials,institution managers as well as the old man lived in institutions,this article proposed that the government and legislature should identify the legal status of these private institutions,establish pension service dispute resolution mechanism,improve industry evaluation mechanism,improve laws and regulations according to local conditions,and set up the coordinating mechanism among government departments so as to promote the development of rural private pension institutions.