美国土壤污染损害诉讼中公司的责任边界研究
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The Boundary of the Corporation’s Liability in American Contaminated Land Litigation
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    摘要:

    土壤污染问题已经成为影响我国可持续发展的一个重要的制约因素,母公司和资产并购方的环境责任边界的确认,是未来我国土壤污染治理中一个不容忽视的问题。土壤污染治理问题,在美国也是一个重要议题,文章分析了美国在这一问题上的具体实践。对于污染土地的法律责任,《超级基金法》规定了宽泛的主体,但对于母公司和资产并购方的环境责任,《超级基金法》本身没有作出明确的规定,为解决上述问题,联邦上诉法院在司法实践中发挥着积极作用,但是法院适用法律依据和标准存在不一致。在适用法律上,有采用州法,也有采用联邦普通法;在适用标准上,对于母公司责任,美国最高法院在美国诉贝斯特福德案中做出了明确规定;对于收购方的环境责任有采用简单连续规则,也有采用实质连续规则。这种不一致影响了法律的确定性,影响了《超级基金法》的实施效果。美国的实践可以对我国提供借鉴:平衡环境保护和鼓励商事交易的利益,明确企业环境责任的边界,提高法律的确定性,加强资产并购交易中的环境风险评估。

    Abstract:

    Contaminated land has become an important restriction factor of sustainable development in our country.The parent corporation’s liability and successor’s liability is a problem that can not be ignored in soil pollution remediation,which is the same important issue in the United states.This article analyzes the practice in the United States.For the liability of contaminated land,the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)defines four categories of responsibility party,but it does not define the liability of the successor and parent corporation.The federal circuit courts play a positive role in solving the above problems,but the federal circuit courts’ application of the legal basis and standards is inconsistent in the judicial practice.In the application of the law,some courts apply the state law while others apply federal common law.In the application standards,the US Supreme Court defines the parent corporation’s liability in United States V.Bestfood.With regard to the successor’s liability,some courts apply mere continuity doctrine,yet others apply substantial continuity doctrine.This inconsistency affects the legal certainty and hences the enforcement of the CERCLA.The practice of the United States can provide reference to our country:balance the interest of environmental protection and encouraging business transaction,ensure the boundary of the corporations’ environmental responsibility,and strengthen the environmental risk assessment of assets transaction.

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翁孙哲,张福强.美国土壤污染损害诉讼中公司的责任边界研究[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015(3):102-110

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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-04-09
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