Based on survey data from farmers in Jianghan plain,this paper uses Binary Choice Model to analyze the perceptions and behaviors of different farmers’ soil conservation.The result shows that there are significant differences between different types of farmers’ perception,and there is also a gap between farmers’ perception and behavior of soil-conservation.In addition,the education level of head of the household,farmers’ perception on soil-conservation and the fragmentation of cultivated lands are the obvious factors influencing behavior decision of farmers’ soil conservation,while farmers’ land renting and agricultural technical training have significant impact on farmers’soil conservation behavior and per capita arable land also has the obvious influence on type I farmer households.In addition,whether or not the farmer households have non-farm work and the non-farm employment ratio of farmer households have the obvious impact on type II farmers,while the age of head of farmer households have significant influence on type III farmer households.Therefore,this paper proposes that the key point of improving the perception of all types of farmers’ soil conservation and reducing the gap of farmers’ behavior decision and perception is to strengthen the publicity of soil-conservation knowledge and technology and cultivate their awareness and skills in soil conservation.Furthermore,land consolidation will also facilitate farmers to protect soil and it is necessary to transfer the land from type III farmers to professional farmer households on the basis of protecting the sources of income for all parties involved.