The big agricultural provinces play an important role in Chinese agriculture.The establishment of a sound industrial system for modern agriculture in big agricultural provinces is fundamental to the development of China’s agricultural modernization and International Competitiveness.This paper stated the positive effect and analyzed the main restricting factors of construction of industrial system for modern agriculture in big agricultural provinces.Based on these restricting factors,we explored the main way to build the system,including improving the function distinction and regional distribution,strengthening the construction system for deep processing of agricultural products,improving the market circulation system of agricultural products,exploiting various functions of agriculture,fostering the business entities in new agriculture and building up the new social service system for agriculture.We further proposed to develop the industrial system of modern agriculture from perspectives below,namely improving agricultural facilities and equipment,increasing the scope and amount of subsidies,supporting the construction of major grain-producing areas,constructing modern agricultural industry base,and improving innovation conditions of agricultural science and technology.