Based on agricultural panel data from China’s 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities between 2002 and 2011,this paper uses Malmquist productivity indexes to calculate total factor productivity in every province and its regions.The result shows that TCH is the main source of the TFP growth in China.A phenomenon is identified that TCH increases while ECH decreases from 2004 to 2005 and from 2008 to 2009 and the explanation ratio of ECH accounts for 70% of TFP.Therefore,this paper proposes that currently agricultural policy should focus on the improvement of agricultural labors both in quantitiy and quality and strengthen agricultural production technology and coordinate regional development.