Based on four fundamental indicators which include production competitiveness,technology competitiveness,market competitiveness and capital competitiveness,this paper builds the index system for international competitiveness of Chinese agriculture.Through Principal Components Analysis (PCA),this paper studies the comprehensive rank of the agricultural competitiveness of 11 countries in 2011.The result shows that as for the agricultural international competitiveness,China ranked 7th among these eleven countries; China has significant advantages in the fields of scientific research spending,agricultural fixed assets,fixed assets of plant industry,land development and mechanical equipment application,etc. However,China was disadvantageous in the fields of international market competitiveness,technology competitiveness and labor productivity,etc.Therefore,this paper proposes several suggestions on how to improve agricultural labor productivity,attach importance to marketing of agricultural products and strengthen the efficiency of agricultural S&T investment.