Based on empirical research on the living garbage pollution situation in Shimen County,Changde City,Hunan Province,the damage of the living garbage on natural resources,people’s physical health and the quality safety of agricultural products is analyzed in this paper.Survey results show the dilemma of rural living garbage’s prevention and control of pollution as follows,the absence of rural residents’ environmental awareness,the inefficiency of the ongoing environmental protection law,the absence of the relevant departments’ supervision,and the stagnation of the construction of rural sanitation.Challenged by the tough reality of garbage surrounding the village,it is proposed that in order to comply with the requirements of the construction of the ecological civilization,we must ultilize law’s advantages on garbage pollution prevention in rural areas,and put forward legal countermeasures from five aspects,i.e.,strengthening environmental education among rural residents so as to broadcast the concept of green consumption,revamping the legal system,employing the rural community to supervise the rural ecological environment,strengthening the integration of the construction of the urban and rural sanitation infrastructure and accelerating the transformation of the traditional economic development model to the recycling one.