Paddy field pisciculture in Jiangsu Province,which can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period,is an advisable development of the traditional rice farming.Having experienced the frustration in the Tang Dynasty,it has become a universally-accepted mode of agricultural production featured by the diversity in fish species since the Ming Dynasty.In the republican period,specialized agencies were founded in Jiangsu Province to instruct the fish-raising of such kind which further matured after four stages of development since the foundation new China.Taking rice as the main body yet fish the absolute dominant species,this method has proved to be an efficient application of biodiversity on the layer of planting-system in agricultural diversification.Fully understanding the history and biodiversity of fish-raising in paddy field in Jiangsu Province,this paper proposes some countermeasures for its further development.Such as to curb water pollution,protect the biodiversity of fish-raising in paddy field; enlarge the breeding object,strengthen the biodiversity; strengthening the technical training,improve the technical level of the fish-raising in paddy field; improve the service system,standardizing the management of market behavior of paddy field fish; improve production conditions and rice field pisciculture engineering facilities.