Abstract:This paper studies the legal subjects and practical carriers of rural land property since the fouding of new China from the perspectives of law,policy and practice and points out that rural land property system has experienced four stages of private possession and private use,private possession and public use,public possession and public use as well as public possession and private use.In different stages,the adscription and allocation of ownership,rights of possession,operational rights,beneficial rights and right of disposal are different and legal rights and practical carriers of property are always changing.During the period of the people' s commune before the reformation,the basic accounting unit and collective property subjects gradually went down from ownship by commune to ownship by production brigadge to ownership by production team.During the process of abolishing people’s commune,different provinces adopted different ways to establish towns,viillagers committees,villagers groups and collective economic organizations at all levels and also differently arrange property ownerships of original collective land.However,from the practice of law and history,villagers committees,as the villagers’ autonomous organizations,are not the real subjects and carriers of collective economy and collective land property,in most areas,villagers groups(formerly called production teams) and their collective units are the real subjects and carriers of collective land property.Therefore,it is now urgent to radically reform,further clear and solidify the subjects of collective property.At the same time,transformation into the joint-stock system should be carried out in rural collective economy and “seperation of economy and community,separation of villages and community should be pushed forward.Under the confirmation and ensurance of farmers and rural collective integrated land property,we should try to push forward the flow of collective assets and resources such as rural land so as to promote the development of countryside and the whole national economy and society.