Modern agriculture,developed from traditional agriculture,is an agricultural form which widely uses productive elements and scientific management methods provided by modern S&T and modern industry to carry out socialization of production.From the point of philosophical thoughts in traditional agriculture and general rule of transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,this paper points out that the essence of traditional agriculture cannot be discarded in the development of modern agriculture.Based on constraints in developing China’s modern agriculture,this paper takes citrus for example and proposes three important inspirations in developing modern agriculture:first,integration of politicians,scientists and entrepreneurs is the key to develop modern agriclture; second,modern agriculture cannot be developed without knowing economy and thirdly,the relationship between quality and price as well as the relationship between supply and demand should be properly dealt with.