社会分层视阈下高等教育机会公平研究
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国家社会科学基金一般项目“高等教育分流影响社会分层流动的机制与政策研究”(12BSH013);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“高等教育分流与社会分层流动的和谐互动研究”(11YJA880012);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“高等教育分流影响社会分层流动的机理研究”(2011RW004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“分层与流动:高等教育分流的社会影响研究”(52902- 0900206066)。


Opportunity Equity of Higher Education under Social Stratification
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    摘要:

    教育公平关乎社会公平,决定着未来社会的建设质量和发展前景。在社会分层的客观现实下,社会各阶层子女的高等教育机会经历了多、少、优、劣的曲折变化。基于河南、湖北两省近10年2 200名高校毕业生的调研显示:在收入差距拉大、社会分化加剧的背景下,家庭收入较高、父母学历较高、父母为管理干部和专业技术人员、家庭属地在地级及其以上城市、父母职务和职称较高的子女具有明显的高等教育机会优势;家庭收入较低、父母学历较低、父母为职员和农民、家庭属地在农村和小城镇、父母职务和职称较低的子女在高等教育机会竞争中处于明显劣势。由此提出,社会分层视阈下推进高等教育机会公平,必须改革高考制度,转变传统的升学方式;建设法治社会,规范人们的进取行为;缩小贫富差距,保障教育的均衡发展;更新社会观念,不惟学历地用人任人;鼓励奋斗成才,倡导不拘一格读大学。

    Abstract:

    Education equity determines both social equity and construction quality and development in the future.Under the objective reality of social stratification,children from all social classes have also undergone a twist change of much,little,superior and inferior higher education opportunities.Based on 2200 college graduates from Henan and Hubei provinces in nearly 10 years,the investigation shows that under the realistic background of widening income gap and aggravating social differentiation,children of higher income families,well- educated parents,management and professional families,urban families,parents with higher ranks and titles have advantages of higher education opportunities,while children of lower income family,lower degree parents,farmer and clerk families,rural and small town families,parents with lower ranks and titles have a distinct disadvantage of higher education opportunities in the competition.Therefore,this paper points out that in order to promote equity of higher education opportunity from the perspective of social stratification,it is essential to reform the college entrance examination system and change the traditional way for college entrance; it is also quite important to construct a society governed by rule of law and regulate people’s aggressive behavior,narrow the gap between the rich and the poor and ensure educational development in balance,update social concepts and employ personnels not according to degree and finally encourage youth struggling for success and attend university in more ways.

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陈新忠,未增阳.社会分层视阈下高等教育机会公平研究[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2):137-143

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