This article endeavors to examine the transformation of welfare provision in rural China since reform and opening up through an epitome of a coastal village from 1980 to 2010.In the initial phase,the state and community were absent from the welfare provision,and the land became an important source of social security for the rural residents.Meanwhile,the recovering clan and emerging market have supplemented the welfare provision.With the deep development of market reform,the role of state comes back,and the informal rural welfare arrangement has been functioned as supplementary,such as religious organization and new community welfare.Therefore,Policy focus in future development of China’s agriculture welfare state lies in the development of private health service,combination of social organizations with the formal welfare provision,and establishment of multi- pillar welfare system.