The research on peasant’s behavior contributes substantially to the farmers study,and also helps to understand the practical characteristics of the policy in the rural community. Based on CGSS data,the article examined the background of the farmers aging security system,and analyzed farmers’ behavior and factors when they make their aging security choices. It put forward that “risk averse” and “path selection” constituting the practical characteristics of farmers' aging security behavior. The study found that farmers behavior occurred,including two opposite and complementary process,that is,on the one hand the register where farmers’ behavior occurs,from the point of its structure,norms and guidelines,has great influence on farmers’ behavior and selection; on the other hand,the structure,norms and guidelines are not the specific pattern of peasant’s behavior. Instead,it is a behavior space,where peasants establish and make their decision through rational calculation.