Based on the model of SFA and the provincial panel data of 2005-2010,this paper analyzes the regional difference on the technical efficiency of wholesale market of agricultural products as well as the influencing factors. The result shows that the scale of circulation,the economic returns and economic contributions of agricultural products wholesale market in the eastern part are much higher than that in central and the western parts; the technical efficiency of circulation of agricultural products in China is low,and regional differences present the high level in the east and the low level in the west significantly. The quality of workers related to agricultual product circulation,infrastructure and urbanization are the three main factors affecting the regional differences on technical efficiency of wholesale market of agricultural products. According to these conclusions,this paper made some suggestions to enhance the technical efficiency of the central and the west parts,such as,enhancing the training of people related to wholesale market in order to increase the quality of them; increasing the investment on rural infrastructure,to improve infrastructure level; speeding up the process of urbanization to reap the benefits of reducing cost for the trade of agricultural products.