Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper studies the water- saving behavior of Chinese urban residents. Through questionnaire survey, this paper discusses the status quo and essential factors influencing urban residents'' water-saving behavior. The result shows that residents’ attitudes towards saving behavior and their subjective norms have significantly positive correlation with their water- saving behavior, but perceived behavioral control doesn’t pass significant test. On the whole, it has been demonstrated that ecological effect of city resident can be incorporated into the Theory of Planned Behavior, and has positively moderated the correlation of predictable variables and water-saving behavior. Therefore, this paper puts forward some corresponding suggestions, such as strengthening residents' pro-environmental attitudes, improving their ecological effect and creating social micro culture focusing on protection of environment and finally promoting urban residents' water-saving awareness with multi- measures.