This paper conducted a case study on the structure of human capacity of the new generation rural labor and the relationship among different factors based on the data collected through questionnaire. With the investigation data, the authors conducted reliability test and factor analysis with SPSS 14.0, proposed hypotheses, and then testified model with Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that discrepancy in age and educational level of the new generation rural labor results in obvious differences in their human capacity, psychological capacity, technique capacity and thought capacity yet unnoticeable difference in physical capacity. Meanwhile, physical capacity of new generation rural labor is not decisive in technique capacity but positively associated with it in an indirect way through psychological capacity and thought capacity which are positively associated with technique capacity.