Under the framework of ecological footprint, energy theory is applied to ananlyze sustainable development of ecological environment in Hubei province with the integration of ecological footprint diversity index, ecological footprint of ten thousands yuan GDP and development capacity of ecological economic system based on the 2001-2009 time-series data. The result shows that the efficiency of natural resource use, distribution of ecological footprint and economic development of Hubei province have increased in various degrees after comprehensive improvement and planning for nine years. However ,there are still many problems:such as unreasonable supply and demand chain as well as increasing ecological deficit in Hubei province; obvious changes in the structure of natural resource and fast land expansion rate of pasture and fossil fuels; in spite of significant increase in ecological footprint diversity index, the balance of distribution of ecological footprint is lost as a whole; the tendency of ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP decreases obviously under the inefficient use of overall resources and the development of eco-economic system is on the rise and the economic and ecological condition of Hubei province will gain a strong increasing tendency in the future, but it is poor now. Therefore, it is the key point to adjust the structure of energy consumption and the allocation pattern of natural resources in order to promote the sustainable development of ecological environment in Hubei province.