China issued “the reward policy for parts of rural family planning residents” in 2004,which,comared with the previous social policy of China,has many innovative characteristics such as mechanism innovation,conceptional innovation and procedural innovation and has made certain achievements in its implementing process.However,based on the on-the-spot investigation,this paper concluded that some problems still exist in reward policy such as un-widespread coverage,low level of old-age support,poor policy plasticity,big policy risk and so on,which thus has reduced the impact of policy on fertility guiding role.Therefore,this paper proposed that rural family planning award merge into the new rural social old-age insurance,and new tripartite political system should be established,which would effectively avoid the above-mentioned problems and play better policy functions.