Public attitudes towards social evaluation of GMF (genetically modified food) is an important basis for Chinese government to make scientific decisions. Based on the questionnaire in Hubei province, this paper analyzes Chinese public’s cognition and judgments of related concepts and basic knowledge in GM technology / food, and explores the public attitudes towards risk assessment, purchasing intention, commercialization and different benefits of GMF. The result shows that public’s cognition and judgments of related concepts and basic knowledge in GM technology / food is not abundant, the impact of gender and growing environment on social cognition is not strong, while social cognition of different cultural and professional level is obviously different.The public’s safety and risk assessment on GMF is not reciprocal. Supporting attitudes towards commercialization of GMF is slightly higher than the opposing attitudes, and different professions have an important impact on commercialization. Finally, the public is more concerned about the healthy and ecological benefits and public education is important in choosing the benefits.