Concerns with natural resource,energy crisis and globe warming have been seriously issued over the world.As an ideal way,biofuel exploitation is world-wide considered for the partial energy supply and long-term environmental cares.Because of enormous demand for foods in China,the first generation of the grain-based biofuels are harshly restricted for large scale production,such as starch or sugar-converted bioethanol and edible-oil-derived biodiesel.However,conversion of lignocellulosic residues from food and non-food crops is regarded as the second generation of biofules that are definitely promising in the near future.Despite that efforts have been made over the past years,current biomass process is unacceptably expensive,due to its recalcitrance.In this review,the author in-depth analyzed any possibilities that could become crucial factors for biofuel production in China,and proposed main technique strategies and the related administrate polices that could be a fundamental solution,including energy crop breeding,energy agriculture support and energy economy management.