Farmer problem is the key and core problem among problems facing agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China.Study on proecting farmers in the process of modernization and analysis on farmer problem from legal system is the inevitable choice to work out farmer problem.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze protection of farmers from the perspective of benefit and benefit mechanism and set up systematized benefit mechanism to protect farmers,the mechanism includes benefit representation mechanism,benefit expression mechanism,benefit production mechanism,benefit distribution mechanism,benefit coordination mechanism and benefit safeguard mechanism.Among the systems to protect farmers in economic law,subjects of economic law shall be innovated to protect them from the angle of economic main law.Farmer’s living environment shall be improved to protect them from the angle of market regulation law.Regulations of farmer’s interest shall be reasonably distributed to protect farmers from the angle of macro-regulation law.