From three stages,this paper reviews the development of Agricultural Anthropology in the past 50 years and summarizes the research themes of Agricultural Anthropology in different stages.Through the study on sustainable development of farmer’s livelihood,the current Agricultural Anthropology explores the local experiences and contributes so much wisdom to the ecological protection in the world.This paper aims that Agricultural Anthropology will be able to help China push forward the sustainable development in agricultural field,restrain the resources waste and improve the environment so as to harmoniously coexist between man and nature.