Speeding up the balance of urban and rural development in Xinjiang plays a vital role theoretically and practically in implementing the national strategy of "stabilizing and developing Xinjiang,making border inhabitants prosperous,and consolidating border defense.” The paper is based on the 30 years’ statistical material of Xinjiang since the reform and opening-up.The study result shows that the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang get the most benefits during the 30 years’ reform and opening-up.However,the gap between urban and rural areas is the largest and is becoming larger on the other hand.This is resulted from a combination of various reasons including the lopsided development between urban and rural areas,the transference of rural labor force to other jobs and the employment difficulty due to the urbanization lag.Based on the above analysis,the paper proposes to build up a mechanism of scientific development by scientific planning so as to speed up the balance of urban and rural development in Xinjiang.