The cultivated land preservation is the basic proposition of land management in China because of our big population.The confusing property rights of cultivated land preservation is the reason of the institution failure.We need to construct regional compensation mechanism of cultivated land preservation to insure food security and safeguard social stability.From the aspects of the compensation object,the value standard,the acreage standard,the management of compensation funds,the mechanism of supervision and the safeguards of regional compensation mechanism for cultivated land preservation,the paper analyzes the operation of the regional compensation mechanism for cultivated land preservation,taking Heilongjiang Province and Fujian Province as examples.