This paper summed up China’s farmers’ are the main provider of material resources and human resources to the construction of irrigation and water conservancy while we analysed the process and reasons of farmers’ participation in the irrigation and water conservancy construction. China’s construction of irrigation and water conservancy has achieved great success by Chinese farmer’s support. The irrigation and water conservancy construction laid the foundation for increasing agricultural production and developing economy of the entire society. Therefore state and society should requite farmers’ contribution and pay serious attention to the development of agriculture and countryside.