This article analyzed condition of New Rural Cooperative Medical System using national sample from three counties.The results showed that the Participation ratio was generally affected by family economic capacity; To a large extent,Participation of farmers was affected by surrounding farmers; Also,the conception of farmers and the familiarity of the system are important factors; Study also showed that for central and western areas,the settlement of the reimbursement issue of migrant workers in different places is the key to increase local participation rate.As a whole，localization is the most important to increase the system.